Number Code Definition

1 ME MENTON – The most inferior point on the symphyseal outline.

2 GN GNATHION – The most anterior-interior point on the contour of the bony chin symphysis. Determined by bisecting the angle formed by the mandibular plane and
a line through Pogonion and Nasion.

3 PG POGONION – The most anterior point on the contour of the bony chin. Determined by a tangent through Nasion.

4 B B POINT – The point most posterior to a line from Infradentale to Pogonion on the anterior surface of the symphyseal outline of the mandible. B Point should lie within the apical third of the incisor roots. When there is no curvature in this region and determination of B Point is not possible by the above method, it is chosen with the aid of preceding or succeeding films because erupting teeth obscure mandibular concavity on occasion.

5 ID INFRADENTALE – The anterior superior point on the mandible at its labial contact with the mandibular
central incisor.

6 LIE LOWER INCISOR INCISAL EDGE – The incisal tip of the mandibular central incisor.

7 UIE UPPER INCISOR INCISAL EDGE – The incisal tip of the maxillary central incisor.

8 SD SUPRADENTALE – The most anterior inferior point on the maxilla at its labial contact with the maxillary central incisor.

9 A A POINT – The most posterior point on the curve of the maxilla between the anterior nasal spine and supradentale.

10 ANS ANTERIOR NASAL SPINE – The tip of the median, sharp bony process of the maxilla at the lower margin of the anterior nasal opening.

11 L L POINT – Represents a point on the anterior surface on the image of the labial lam&la at the apex region of the maxillary central incisor. When the permanent incisors (before eruption) are positioned within bone with there crown in the apical base region, L Point is taken 1-2 millimeters anterior to the height of contour of the crown relative to and on a line drawn through supradentale and parallel to the axis of the central incisor. When the permanent
incisors are erupted and their roots are not fully formed, L Point is located at the root end along an axially placed line through supradentale.When the root is completed, L Point is located along the same axial line at the root tip. The procedure for locating L Point is well illustrated by van der Linden, Amer. J. Orthodont., 59:111-125,1971.

12 UIA UPPER INCISOR APEX – The root tip of the axillary central incisor. In cases where the root is not yet completed, the midpoint of the growing root tip is marked.

13 UIB UPPER INCISOR LINGUAL BONY CONTACT POINT – The lingual contact of alveolar bone with the maxillary central incisor. This point generally corresponds with the lingual cemento enamel junction (CEJ).

14 LIB LOWER INCISOR LINGUAL BONY CONTACT POINT – The lingual contact of alveolar bone with the mandibular
central incisor. Generally corresponds with the lingual CEJ.

15 LIA LOWER INCISOR APEX – The root tip of the mandibular central incisor. When the root is not yet completed, the midpoint of the growing root tip is marked.

16 SYMP LINGUAL SYMPHYSEAL POINT – A constructed point used to determine symphyseal width at Pogonion. The SYMP Point is located at the intersection of a construction line through Pogonion and parallel with the mandibular plane with the posterior border of the mandibular symphysis.

17 LMJ LOWER MOLAR MESIAL CEJ – The anterior cemento-enamel junction of the mandibular first molar.

18 LMT LOWER MOLAR MESIAL CUSP TIP – The anterior cusp tip of the mandibular first molar.

19 UMT UPPER MOLAR MESIAL CUSP TIP – The anterior cusp tip of the maxillary first molar.

20 UMJ UPPER MOLAR MESIAL CEJ – The anterior cement-enamel junction of the maxillary first molar.

21 UDJ UPPER MOLAR DISTAL CEJ – The posterior cemento-enamel junction of the maxillary first molar.

22 UDC UPPER MOLAR DISTAL CONTACT POINT – The osterior contact (height of contour) of the maxillary first molar.

23 UDT UPPER MOLAR DISTAL CUSP TIP – The posterior cusp tip of the maxillary first molar.

24 LDT LOWER MOLAR DISTAL CUSP TIP – The posterior cusp tip of the mandibular first molar.

25 LDC LOWER MOLAR DISTAL CONTACT POINT – The posterior contact point of the mandibular first molar.

26 LDJ LOWER MOLAR DISTAL CEJ – The posterior temento-enamel junction of the mandibular first molar.

27 GO GONION – The midpoint of the angle of the andible. Found by bisecting the angle formed by the mandibular
plane and a plane through Articulare, Posterior and along the portion of the mandibular ramus inferior to it.

28 GOI GONIAL INTERSECTION – the intersection of the mandi-bular plane with a plane through Articulare, Poster-ior and along the portion of the mandibular ramus inferior to it.

29 OP OPISTHION – The posterior midsagittal point on the posterior margin of foramen magnum.30 BA BASION – The most inferior, posterior point on the anterior margin of foramen magnum.

31 AR ARTICULARE (Articulare Posterior) – The Point of intersection of the inferior cranial base surface and the averaged posterior surfaces of the mandibular condyles.

32 AA ARTICULARE, ANTERIOR – The point of intersection of the inferior surface of the cranial base and the averaged anterior surfaces of the mandibular condyles.

33 CO CONDYLION – The most posterior superior point on the curvature of the average of the right and left outlines of the condylar head. Determined as the point of tangency to a perpendicular construction line to the anterior and posterior borders of the condylar head.. The CO point is, therefore located as the most superior axial point of the condylar head rather than as the most superior point on the condyle.

34 SOS CENTER OF THE SPHENO-OCCIPITAL SYNC HONDROSIS -The midpoint of the cartilaginous union of the
anterior end of the basilar portion of the occipital bone and the posterior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone. In cases where the synchondrosis is not readily apparent, it is located by comparison with either previous or ubsequent cephalograrns.

35 S SELLA TURCICA – The center of the pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone. Determined by inspection.

36 SE ETHMOID REGISTRATION POINT – Intersection of the sphenoidal plane with the averaged greater sphenoid
wing.

37 GB GLABELLA – The height of curvature of the bone overlying the frontal sinus. In cases where this point is not readily apparent, the overlying soft tissue is used to locate it.

38 N NASION – The- junction of the frontonasal suture at the most posterior point on the curve at the bridge of the nose.

39 FMN FRONTOMAXILLARY NASAL SUTURE – The junction of the frontal, maxillary and nasal bones.

40 OR ORBITALE – The lowest point on the average of the right and left borders of the bony orbit.

41 IZ INFERIOR ZYGOMA – The lowest point on the average of the right and left outlines of the zygoma.

42 PTMS PTFRYGO-MAXILLARY FISSURE, SUPERIOR – The most superior point on the average of the right and
left outlines-of the pterygo-maxillary fissure.

43 PTM PTERYGO-MAXILLARY FISSURE, INFERIOR – The most inferior point on the average of the right and
left outlines of the pterygo-maxillary fissure.

44 CP CORONOID PROCESS – The most superior point on the average of the right and left outlines of the coronoid process. Determined as the point of tangency to a perpendicular drawn to the plane of the anterior border of the ramus.

45 PNS POSTERIOR NASAL SPINE – The most.posterior point at the sagittal plane on the bony hard palate.

46 PMC PREMOLAR MESIAL CONTACT POINT – A point established by the intersection of a line alond the occlusal contact of the upper and lower premolars and a perpendicular line to it through the averaged anterior contact of the first maxillary premolars with the maxillary cuspid.

47 PDC PREMOLAR DISTAL CONTACT POINT – Established along the same premolar occlusion line as point 46 but at the point of a perpendicular line through the distal contact of the maxillary first premolar.The distance from PMC to PCD should be equal to the averaged mesial-distal distance of the firstmaxillary premolar.

48 TP TRICHOTOMOUS POINT – This point has three determin-ative methods and interpretations: (a) when the permanent first molars are absent (not in occlusion) and the deciduous second molars are traced, point 48 is chosen along a line through points 46 and 47 and in the region of the anterior border of the mandibular ramus. Its presence in this case is to indicate that deciduous, rather than permanent teeth were traced; (b) when the first permanent molars are erupted and traced, point 48 is not marked except as below; (c) when the second permanent molars are erupted and in full occlusion,point 48 is marked at their distal contact points.

49 P0 PORION – The midpoint of the line connecting the most superior point of the radiopacity generated by each of the two ear rods of the cephalostat.50 FPP FUNCTIONAL OCCLUSAL PLANE POINT – This point is logically determined and is therefore not a traced landmark. It is used to define the posterior loca-tion of the functionnal occlusal plane and consequent-ly its value is related to the presence (or absence) of Landmark 48. (a) If landmark 48 is present and the individual is less than 9 years of age,landmark

50 takes on the same value as landmark 48. (b) In all other cases, landmark 50 takes on the value of landmark 23.

51 PB POSTERIOR BORDER OF THE RAMUS – This is defined as the intersection of the FOP with the posterior bor-
der of the mandibular ramus.

52 AB ANTERIOR BORDER OF THE RAMUS – This is defined as the intersection of the FOP with the anterior border of the ramus.

53 LT LINGUAL TUBEROSITY – The Lingual Tuberosity is derived by extending the distance between landmarks 51 and 52 anteriorly along the FOP from the intersection of the FOP and the RA Vertical Line.

54 LMC LOWER MOLAR MESIAL CONTACT – The mesial contact (height of contour) of the mandibular first molar
relative to the FOP.

65 UMC UPPER MOLAR MESIAL CONTACT – The mesial contact (height of contour) of the maxillary first molar relative to the FOP.

56 ADP ANTERIOR DOWNS POINT – The midpoint of the line connecting landmarks 6 and 7 (LIE and UID). This represents the anterior point through which Downs Occlusal Plane passes.

57 PDP POSTERIOR DOWNS POINT – The midpoint of the line connecting landmarks 18 and 19 (LMT and UMT). This represents the posterior point through which Downs Occlusal Plane passes.